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The entire process takes a matter of seconds to complete.
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Some lanes have text messages that inform drivers of the toll just paid and their account balance.
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A green light indicates that the driver can proceed. If the toll lane has a gate, the gate opens. If the account is in good standing, a toll is deducted from the driver’s prepaid account.
That information is transferred from the lane antenna to the central database. The transponder broadcasts a signal back to the lane antenna with some basic information. As a car approaches a toll plaza, the radio-frequency (RF) field emitted from the antenna activates the transponder. As long as they’ve paid on their E-ZPass account, they just have to rely on the lane antenna to read the signals from the transponder. Motorists no longer have to worry about stopping to deposit or hand over the toll - and there is certainly no searching the car for loose change. The idea is that even if commuters have to slow down for the toll booths, they can get through faster with a system like E-ZPass. No Change, No Problemīy installing electronic toll-collection systems, government agencies believe that traffic will move faster. In the next section, you will see how all of these components work together to detect vehicles and collect tolls. These two devices are safeguards to ensure that all vehicles are counted correctly. A three-axle vehicle is charged a higher toll than a two-axle vehicle. Treadles are sensor strips embedded in the road that detect the number of axles a vehicle has. When that beam of light is broken, the system knows a car has entered. A light curtain is just a beam of light that is directed across the lane. Some electronic toll-collection systems may also include a light curtain and treadles. These two devices, the transponder and the antenna, interact to complete the toll transaction. The detection zone of an antenna is typically 6 to 10 feet (2 to 3 m) wide and about 10 feet long. These antennas emit radio frequencies that communicate with the transponder. Stored in this RFID transponder is some basic account information, such as an identification number.Īntennas, or electronic readers, are positioned above each toll lane. The transponder is a two-way radio with a microprocessor, operating in the 900-MHz band. A transponder is a battery-operated, radio frequency identification (RFID) unit that transmits radio signals. This device is placed on the inside of the car’s windshield behind the rearview mirror. Host computer system – All of the toll plaza LANs are connected to a central database via a Wide area network ( WAN).ĭrivers usually have to pay a deposit to obtain a transponder, which is about the size of a deck of cards. It is networked on a Local area network ( LAN). Lane controller – This is the computer that controls the lane equipment and tracks vehicles passing through. Here are the basic components that make the system work:
The names of the systems vary, but they all work in pretty much the same way. Today, many local and state traffic agencies have installed or are installing electronic readers that allow drivers to pass through toll stations without coming to a complete stop. Traditionally, the process is to put some change in a basket, which tabulates the coins and opens a gate to allow the driver through. Millions of drivers pass through toll booths every day. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, you will learn how the E-ZPass system tracks vehicles and collects tolls. The amount of the toll is deducted and you’re allowed through.Įlectronic toll collection is designed to make traffic flow faster, as cars don’t have to stop to make a transaction.
The antenna identifies your transponder and reads your account information. Your account information is stored in the transponder.
Basically, E-ZPass uses a vehicle-mounted transponder that is activated by an antenna on a toll lane. states, but most other electronic toll systems are very similar to E-ZPass. Today, most toll roads are equipped with an electronic toll-collection system, like E-ZPass, that detects and processes tolls electronically. These are the kinds of situations that cause delays at toll plazas. It can be a bit nerve-racking to dig through the car seats, trying to find something to give to the toll booth attendant while drivers behind you honk and yell for you to move on.
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You never want to be stuck on a toll road without a pocket full of change.